Regulatory T cells: molecular and cellular basis for immunoregulation -- Overview of LAG-3- expressing, IL-10-producing regulatory T cells -- Regulatory Dendritic Cells -- Role of PD-1 in immunity and diseases -- CTLA-4, an essential immune-checkpoint for T cell activation -- Tim-3, Lag-3, and TIGIT -- SOCS1: regulator of T cells in autoimmunity and cancer -- Mining the complex family of protein tyrosine phosphatases for checkpoint regulators in immunity -- Immune regulation by ubiquitin tagging as checkpoint code -- MicroRNA in Immune Regulation.

This volume reviews the current state of research on immune checkpoints and offers novel concepts. It discusses the two most important immune checkpoints: T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). It shows that antagonistic antibodies against these two molecules are highly effective in the treatment of various cancers and that PD-1 and CTLA-4 have been linked to the suppression of T-cell receptor signaling and co-stimulatory molecules. Further, the volume examines other agents, a number of cells, receptors and signaling molecules, that are also involved in the regulation of T-cell activation and extends the concept of immune checkpoints to "molecules and cells that negatively regulate T-cell activation". Playing essential roles in immune homeostasis, they could offer new targets for cancer immunotherapy, and for the therapy of autoimmune diseases. Written by internationally respected scientists, this book will appeal to basic scientists, clinicians, drug development researchers, and advanced students alike.