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Outline contents List of Contributors xix Introduction: criticism, theory, and antitheory Patricia Waugh1 Part IConcepts of criticism and aesthetic origins35 1Mimesis: ancient Greek literary theoryAnn Nightingale37 2Expressivity: the Romantic theory of authorshipAndrew Bennett48 3Interpretation: hermeneuticsTimothy Clark59 4Value: criticism, canons, and evaluationPatricia Waugh70 Part IICriticism and critical practices in the twentieth century83 5Literature and the academyChris Baldick85 6I. A. RichardsAnn Banfield96 7T. S. Eliot and the idea of traditionGareth Reeves107 8Anthropology, myth, and modern criticismMichael Bell119 9F. R. Leavis: criticism and cultureGary Day130 10Marxist aestheticsTony Davies140 11William Empson: from verbal analysis to cultural criticismDavid Fuller152 12The New CriticismStephen Matterson166 13The intentional fallacyPeter Lamarque177 14Adorno and the Frankfurt SchoolAndrew Bowie189 15Freud and psychoanalysisCline Surprenant199 16The Russian debate on narrativeGary Saul Morson212 17Bakhtin and dialogics Lynne Pearce223 18Form, rhetoric, and intellectual historyFaiza W. Shereen233 19Literature into culture: cultural studies after LeavisGlenn Jordan and Chris Weedon245 Part IIILiterary theory: movements and schools257 20Structuralism and narrative poeticsSusana Onega259 21Psychoanalysis after FreudJosiane PaccaudHuguet280 22DeconstructionAlex Thompson298 23FeminismsFiona Tolan319 24PostcolonialismElleke Boehmer340 25Race, nation, and ethnicityKathleen Kerr362 26Reconstructing historicismPaul Hamilton386 27PostmodernismChris SnippWalmsley405 28SexualitiesTony Purvis427 29Science and criticism: beyond the culture warsChristopher Norris451 Part IVFutures and retrospects473 30Performing literary interpretationK. M. Newton475 31The responsibilities of the writerSean Burke486 32Mixing memory and desire: psychoanalysis, psychology, and trauma theoryRoger Luckhurst497 33Theories of the gazeJeremy Hawthorn508 34Anticanon theoryDavid Punter519 35Environmentalism and ecocriticismRichard Kerridge530 36Cognitive literary criticismAlan Richardson544 37Writing excess: the poetic principle of postliterary cultureScott Wilson557 Index 000 Detailed contents List of contributors xix Introduction: criticism, theory, and antitheoryPatricia Waugh1 From the theory of literature to the theory revolution1 Fear and loathing in literary studies: the seductions of theory3 Literary theories and scientific theories9 A homeopathic art: theory as the resistance to theory15 The rise of theory17 Before theory: early to midtwentiethcentury criticism22 The rise of the professional: criticism in the modern academy28 The future of theory and criticism30 Part IConcepts of criticism and aesthetic origins35 1Mimesis: ancient Greek literary theoryAnn Nightingale37 Mimesis37 Fiction and falsehood39 The audience41 Catharsis44 Further reading46 2Expressivity: the Romantic theory of authorshipAndrew Bennett48 Expression49 Confession50 Composition51 Inspiration54 Imagination55 Further reading57 3Interpretation: hermeneuticsTimothy Clark59 The defence of nontheoretical understanding60 Art and truth61 Do texts have objective meanings?63 Gadamers defence of reading as freedom65 Further reading67 4Value: criticism, canons, and evaluationPatricia Waugh70 The origin of canons70 The test of time: reputation and value73 For and against literary valuejudgements75 The containment of literature and the preservation of value77 Postmodernism and the retreat from value79 Further reading80 Part IICriticism and critical practices in the twentieth century83 5Literature and the academyChris Baldick85 Criticism incorporated85 A brief prehistory87 Modernism and the purification of criticism91 Criticism decentred93 Further reading95 6I. A. RichardsAnn Banfield96 Intellectual contexts: Cambridge philosophy97 The meaning of meaning98 Principles of literary criticism99 Practical Criticism101 Critical legacies102 Further reading105 7T. S. Eliot and traditionGareth Reeves107 Tradition and the Individual Talentthen and now107 F. H. Bradleythe historical sense108 Impersonalitythe closet Romantic110 Literary and sociopolitical hierarchies112 Legacies: theory113 Legacies: poetry115 Further reading117 8Anthropology andas myth in modern criticismMichael Bell119 Myth and reason119 Varieties of Modernist mythopoeia121 Literary anthropology123 Structuralism and the breakup of Modernist mythopoeia126 Myth and the marvellous127 Further reading129 9F. R. Leavis: criticism and cultureGary Day130 Leaviss cultural criticism131 Leavis and scientific management134 Leaviss literary criticism135 Further reading138 10Marxist aestheticsTony Davies140 Marx before Marxism140 Art, authorship, ideology141 Base and superstructure143 Marxism, realism, typicality144 Art, antiquity, and modernity146 Marxism since Marx149 Further reading150 11William Empson: from verbal analysis to cultural criticismDavid Fuller152 Verbal analysis152 Cultural criticism155 Contra clerisies: moral criticism158 The example of Empson161 Further reading163 12The New CriticismStephen Matterson166 Origins168 Methods and characteristics170 Influence and legacy172 Further reading175 13The intentional fallacyPeter Lamarque177 The antiintentionalist case178 The intentionalist response183 Further reading187 14Adorno and the Frankfurt SchoolAndrew Bowie189 Historical origins of Critical Theory190 Walter Benjamin191 T. W. Adorno194 Further reading198 15Freud and psychoanalysisCline Surprenant199 The application of psychoanalysis to literary works201 From contents to texts202 The subtleties of a faulty action203 Correspondences between literary and unconscious processes204 Language206 Freuds theories themselves208 Further reading209 16The Russian debate on narrativeGary Saul Morson212 The Russian debate on culture213 The formalist science of literature214 Formalism and literary history217 Bakhtin and the surplus218 Bakhtins theories of the novel219 17Bakhtin and the dialogic principleLynne Pearce223 Polyphony224 Dialogism226 Heteroglossia229 Carnival230 18Form, rhetoric, and intellectual historyFaiza W.

Shereen233 Historical background234 A theoretical grounding234 Key concepts in Chicago criticism236 Trends in Chicago criticism238 Further reading243 19Literature into culture: Cultural Studies after LeavisGlenn Jordan and Chris Weedon245 The development of Cultural Studies246 Interdisciplinarityantidisciplinarity249 The internationalization of Cultural Studies251 Further reading254 Part IIILiterary Theory: Movements and Schools257 20Structuralism and narrative poeticsSusana Onega259 Saussure and structuralism259 Ferdinand de Saussure260 After Saussure262 Barthes and structuralist poetics265 Roland Barthes267 Genette and narratology273 Gerard Genette274 Conclusion277 Further reading278 21Psychoanalysis after FreudJosiane PaccaudHuguet280 Jacques Lacan: desire and discourse281 Jacques Lacan: jouissance and the letter287 Slvoj iek: or life after psychoanalysis294 Further reading297 22DeconstructionAlex Thompson298 What is deconstruction?299 Deconstruction and poststructuralism301 The deconstruction of metaphysics303 Deconstruction and writing304 Deconstruction, history, and politics305 Deconstruction, literature, and philosophy307 Romanticism and deconstruction309 Literature and truth310 Deconstruction and interpretation312 Deconstruction and literature313 Deconstruction and literary criticism314 Further reading317 23FeminismsFiona Tolan319 Simone de Beauvoir and the second wave319 The essentialism debate322 Literary feminisms325 New French feminisms: Kristeva, Cixous, Irigaray332 Overview: from The Second Sex to Gender Trouble337 Further reading338 24PostcolonialismElleke Boehmer340 The post in postcolonial340 Related political traditions342 Movements and theories against empoire343 Frantz Fanon345 Postcolonial nationalism and nations347 Leading twentiethcentury postcolonial thinkers350 Theory in practice: postcolonial readings357 Further reading360 25Race, Nation, and EthnicityKathleen Kerr362 The theory of modernity365 The Enlightenment context366 Race and nation: nineteenthcentury imperialism371 Turnofthecentury black consciousness in America373 Du Bois and Booker T. Washington374 Later twentiethcentury cultural trends375 Hybridity: Modernist377 Postmodern hybridity379 Multiculturalism and politics381 Further reading384 26Reconstructing historicismPaul Hamilton386 A crisis for historicism386 The end of history thesis388 Reception theory and historicism390 The aesthetic historic nexus394 Kojves snobbery395 Allegories and collections399 Historicism and Bergsonism401 Further reading403 27PostmodernismChris SnippWalmsley405 The evolution of postmodernism405 Modernity, Modernism, postmodernity, and postmodernism409 Postmodernism, poststructuralism, and neopragmatism411 1968 and all thatthe seeds of postmodernism413 The postmodern Osbournes415 Raising the roofpostmodern rhetoric and theory416 The end of reason, or where reason endsresistance to postmodernism418 Postmodernism and the authority of time420 Rushdies ethical postmodernismHaroun as a cautionary fable421 Monty Pythons life of postmodernism424 Further reading425 28SexualitiesTony Purvis427 Problems of sexual identity427 The sexualization of everyday life430 Sexual natures and sexual identities436 Queer theories?: epistemology, rhetoric, performativity438 Sexuality and beyond443 Further reading448 29Science and criticism: beyond the culture warsChristopher Norris451 Early stages: the science and poetry debate451 Some versions of structuralism453 From the two cultures to the Sokal affair456 Science, literature, and possible worlds460 Fiction, philosophy, and the quantum multiverse463 Beyond the two cultures467 Further reading469 Part IVFutures and retrospects473 30Performing literary interpretationK. M. Newton475 Introduction475 Construing as an interpretive method477 Literary interpretation as performance481 The ethics of performing interpretation483 Further reading484 31The responsibilities of the writerSean Burke486 Responsibility and unintended outcomes488 The risk of writing490 The origins of authorial agency491 Creativity versus containment: the aesthetic defence492 Further reading495 32Mixing Memory and Desire: Psychoanalysis, Psychology, and Trauma TheoryRoger Luckhurst497 Defining trauma497 Yale School trauma theory501 Why trauma?503 Further reading506 33Theories of the gazeJeremy Hawthorn508 Origins509 Laura Mulvey: Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema510 Michel Foucault and Jeremy Benthams Panopticon511 The gaze in interpersonal psychology512 Extensions513 Readings514 Further reading517 34Anticanon theoryDavid Punter519 Foreign body520 The postcolonial521 The body523 The ghostly525 The Uncanny527 Further reading528 35Environmentalism and ecocriticismRichard Kerridge530 Environmentalism532 Ecology535 Anthropocentrism and ecocentrism537 Ecofeminism537 Nature538 Pastoral540 Romanticism540 Further reading541 36Cognitive literary criticismAlan Richardson544 Introduction544 Cognitive rhetoric545 Cognitive poetics547 Cognitive narratology549 Cognitive aesthetics of reception550 Cognitive materialism551 Evolutionary literary theory553 Further reading554 37Writing excess: the poetic principle of postliterary cultureScott Wilson557 Equivalence557 Axiomatic560 Econopoiesis563 Index 000